Vladimir Bagirov

◇The Palace of Pioneers, Baku

Vladimir Konstantinovich Bagirov was born in Baku on 16 August 1936, into a family of Armenian and Ukrainian parentage, on the Caspian shore of Soviet Azerbaijan. He came to the game late by the standards of the Soviet machine — he was ten when he found his way to the chess circle at the Baku Palace of Pioneers, where Suren Abramian first taught him — and he came to it as an amateur, training as an engineer in the oil industry that gave the city its name and its smell.

The master who shaped him was Vladimir Makogonov, the great Azerbaijani player of the previous generation. Bagirov studied the games of Akiba Rubinstein and idolised Vasily Smyslov, and the influence held for the rest of his life: an unhurried, classical, deeply-read style with no interest in theatre. In 1958 he beat Yakov Estrin in a qualification match to earn the Soviet master title. Over the decades that followed he would win the championship of his republic thirteen times, a run of local dominance stretching across the whole of his Azerbaijani career.

◇Leningrad, 1960

He made his name in the hardest tournament in the world. At twenty-three, in his first USSR Championship final, the 27th, at Leningrad in 1960, Bagirov finished fourth, behind only Viktor Korchnoi, Tigran Petrosian and Efim Geller. The archive has the games: in that event he beat Boris Spassky, Viktor Korchnoi, David Bronstein, Eduard Gufeld and Vladimir Simagin, and Korchnoi went on to take the title. Later that year he won the international tournament at Jakarta outright, and in 1961 he played for the Soviet Union at the European Team Championship in Oberhausen, won by the USSR, and at the World Student Team Championship in Helsinki.

The win over Korchnoi had an unusual finish. After Bagirov's 27.Bxa8, his opponent picked up the wrong bishop and resigned before making another move. Kasparov records the episode in My Great Predecessors Part V, quoting Viktor Vasiliev's account of the shocked player's departure.

The International Master title followed in 1963. The grandmaster title did not. Bagirov made his first grandmaster norm in 1960 and then waited seventeen years for the second, receiving the title at last in 1978, at the age of forty-two. He played ten USSR Championships across two decades, finished first or joint-first at Baku in 1964, Batumi in 1966, Moscow in 1968 and Tbilisi in 1971, and took the European Club Cup with Burevestnik in 1976 and again in 1979. Genna Sosonko, who knew the field, put the quality plainly: “in ‘his’ positions Bagirov was a danger to anyone.”

In his 1991 book “White” Fisher he recalled an international tournament in Holland in January 1965, where Efim Geller spent almost the whole three weeks between rounds analysing one position of the Ruy Lopez. Bagirov, then an international master, watched with some irony, and Geller told him in a friendly manner: “A player will never become a grandmaster ... while he has not explored the Spanish Game to the minutest detail.”

◇The second life of the Alekhine Defence

What carried his name beyond the Soviet Union was not a tournament but an opening. Alekhine's Defence — 1.e4 Nf6, the knight offered as bait to be chased across the board — had been a curiosity since its inventor's day, admired more often than trusted. Bagirov made it his own, played it for forty years at the highest level, and in 1971 published Zaschita Alekhina in Moscow, the monograph that set out its modern theory. An expanded second edition followed in 1987. The Russian Chess Federation's verdict is blunt and fair: the Alekhine Defence owes its second resurrection to him.

He was never a one-opening man. He contributed to the theory of the Caro-Kann, the Slav and the Semi-Slav, wrote constantly for the Soviet journal Shakhmaty v SSSR and for the Latvian chess magazine, and in his last years turned to the English Opening, producing two volumes for Cadogan — English Opening: Classical and Indian (1994) and English Opening: Symmetrical (1995). Before those, in 1991, the Riga publisher Logos brought out his “White” Fisher, a bilingual Russian and English volume of the 351 tournament and match games Bobby Fischer played with White, arranged by opening, with a preface by Tal; the games with Black were to follow in a second volume. Bagirov argued there that Fischer “always tried to play very simply and logically, with frequent exchange of queens, quite in Capablanca’s style,” and he thanked his wife, Irina, for her help with the book. His final work, a CD-ROM on the Exchange Variation of the Queen's Gambit Declined, was published by New In Chess in 2000, the year he died. He was still writing theory at sixty-three.

The archive holds the proof that he practised what he catalogued. At the 31st Soviet Championship final in 1963, against David Bronstein — a former World Championship challenger and one of the most inventive attacking minds alive — Bagirov answered 1.e4 with the knight, and won.

◇The maker of champions

In 1975, as national coach of Azerbaijan, Bagirov became for a short time the sole trainer of a boy from Baku named Garry Kasparov. It was a brief appointment and a permanent line in the history of the game: the future thirteenth World Champion, at the outset, had one coach, and this was the man. He also worked with Lev Polugaevsky for nine years, and in the early 1980s served as second to Mikhail Tal — the eighth World Champion, and by then his close friend.

Kasparov gives two glimpses of their work in My Great Predecessors Part III. In a clock simultaneous training game at Baku in 1975, his advancing pawn centre won quickly against Bagirov. While preparing for the 1979 USSR Team Championship, he played numerous blitz games with him; after encountering a setup Kasparov had borrowed from Leonid Stein, Bagirov changed his reply.

After Polugaevsky's 1977 Candidates semifinal against Korchnoi in Evian, Bagirov demonstrated the games at Baku's Burevestnik Chess Club, where the young Kasparov listened. He described how he and Polugaevsky had spent time and effort preparing the Meran Variation used in the seventh game. Kasparov recalled the session in My Great Predecessors Part V.

He kept teaching after he moved to the Baltic. In Riga he took on the teenage Alexei Shirov and worked with him from 1986 to 1989, and he trained Alexander Shabalov and Normunds Miezis, all of whom became grandmasters. Shirov summed up his old trainer briefly: “a brilliant analyst with a remarkable understanding of the game.” Two World Champions and a generation of grandmasters learned from him, which is a rarer distinction than any tournament result.

◇Riga, and a crown at sixty-two

Following a dispute with chess officials, Bagirov left Azerbaijan in the late 1970s and moved to Latvia, heeding the advice of Tal, his friend of many years. He became a Latvian player, and when the Soviet Union dissolved he represented the newly independent republic on the international stage: fourth board at the 1992 Manila Olympiad, third board at Yerevan in 1996, second board for Latvia at the 1992 European Team Championship in Debrecen, and fourth board at the 1993 World Team Championship in Lucerne, where he came through the event without a loss.

And then, at an age when most players are archived rather than crowned, he won a world title of his own. At the World Senior Championship in Grieskirchen, Austria, in 1998, Bagirov scored 8½ out of 11 and finished first. He was sixty-two years old. Thirty-eight years after his first grandmaster norm, twenty years after the title itself finally came, the theoretician who had spent his life making other people into champions became one himself.